William Wilson by Edgar Allan Poe - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 559 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/06/26 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Edgar Allan Poe Essay Did you like this example? We have fought with our internal identities, yet we never envisioned it getting as worst as William Wilson. William Wilson is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. The story is about a man that thinks he no longer has a purpose on this earth. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "William Wilson by Edgar Allan Poe" essay for you Create order William struggles to understand his identity in the story. He states Let me call myself, for the present, William Wilson. The fair page now lying before me need not to be sullied with my real appellation. (Poe line 1-2). Poe describes the tale of a fight between a man and his conscience, one can only think, what did he do to end up along these lines. William Wilson is the principal character in Poes short story William Wilson. Poe handles various types of things all through his story revolving around human instinct and society when all is said in done. A key point in the story is when the narrator pointed out that my rival had a weakness in the faucal or guttural organs, which precluded him from raising his voice at any time above a very low whisper. Of this defect I did not fail to take what poor advantage lay in my power (Poe). The fact that William Wilson always whispered is an important clue that suggests that he is the narrators conscience. Here, Poe investigates the subjects of doppelg? ¤nger. Toward the end of the story, we discovered that William Wilson double is certainly not a genuine individual, but his dark side. Poe actions to show in his composing is that we have opposite sides to our identity. Despite this, we may not indicate them, not at all like he did, we have different parts of us that think unexpected. All through his story we visit numerous timeframes in Wilsons life, from his childhood into his passing. At first Wilsons modify sense of self gives off an impression of being his still, small voice, giving him guidance; however, before the finish of the story, his double ends up being to a greater degree a judge. All that he did was affected by his opposite side, he was not completely mindful of it. He ventures to the far corners of the planet attempting to get away from his double, restricting him from progress; however, he was never ready. Until the point that his unavoidable passing arrived. Oddly enough, Wilson appears to understand what similarities are between the two characters. For Poe, the feeling of good and the feeling of the terrible are clear. It is something we realized when we were children. Be that as it may, William developed all through the story. His relations with his double are private, considering this, association with love and hate we can see the expected advancement of Wilsons mortality all through the story by watching his crumbling association with his doppelg? ¤nger. Society here is spoken to by the schools he visits, his betting partners in Oxford, toward the finish of the disguise ball in Rome. These components dont have a critical influence in Williams life, they are displayed more than a foundation to the examination of Williams identity. The ending of the story is very discouraging for the goals of the doubles character issue: rather than the two sections away is his identity being accommodated, we witness the success of one over the other.

Essay about Everyday Use by Alice Walker - 953 Words

Everyday Use by Alice Walker Through contrasting family members and views in Everyday Use, Alice Walker illustrates the importance of understanding our present life in relation to the traditions of our own people and culture. Using careful descriptions and attitudes, Walker demonstrates which factors contribute to the values of ones heritage and culture; she illustrates that these are represented not by the possession of objects or mere appearances, but by ones lifestyle and attitude. Throughout the story, Walker personifies the different sides of culture and heritage in the characters of Dee and the mother (the narrator). Dee can be seen to represent a materialistic, complex, and modern way of life where culture and heritage†¦show more content†¦One winter I knocked a bull calf straight in the brain between the eyes with a sledgehammer and had the meat hung up to chill by nightfall.? (485). While these feats are not extraordinary, Walker exemplifies what Mother has learned from her ancestors, and that being resilient and tough is a part of her heritage. Mother is very proud of her abilities and accomplishments. The mother, describes Dee as light skinned with nice hair and a full figure (486). She recounts Dee?s childhood and her appreciation of nice things. She was not the least upset when the family home burned to the ground while she was just a girl, ?Why don?t you do a dance around the ashes? I?d wanted to ask her. She had hated the house that much.? (486) Dee?s character in the story is a direct relation to any number of people in society that do not know or are confused about their heritage. She is struggling to create an identity for herself, and is confused as to what it encompasses. She grasps at African tradition and culture, yet fails to acknowledge her own African American culture. This happened all over America, particularly in the North, in the 1960?s, following the civil rights movement. Dee is misconstruing her heritage as material goods, as opposed to her ancestor?s habits and way of life. This may be due in part to her leaving her hometown and becoming an educated, sophisticated young woman. Dee?s direct heritage is that of African Americans.Show MoreRelatedEveryday Use By Alice Walker852 Words   |  4 Pagescomes or belongs to one by reason of birth. In â€Å"Everyday Use†, by Alice Walker, the theme of the story can be considered as the meaning of heritage or even the power of education. Alice Walker uses many symbols and motifs such as the following: quilts, education, knowledge, Asalamalakim, and the renaming of Dee. In the story, African heritage and knowledge takes a major role. The African heritage plays a major role in the story, â€Å"Everyday Use†. Alice Walker emphasizes the meaning of heritage by havingRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1372 Words   |  6 PagesEverday Use† research paper In â€Å"everyday Use,† Alice Walker tells a narrative of a mother’s frustrating relationship together with her two daughters. At this facet, â€Å",Everyday Use†, tells that how a mom little by little refuses the cursory values of her older, successful daughter at the aspect of the useful values of her younger, much less lucky daughter. On a deeper outlook, Alice Walker takes on the theme of heritage and its norms as it applies to African-Americans. Everday Use, is set insideRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1102 Words   |  5 Pagespoem â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers† can be read similar to Alice Walker s short story Everyday Use† both are compared by the women’s ways of showing their strengths and how they identify their values, expressions and strength. Advertised in the general outlines of the plot, both literary themes talks of a quest for freedom, the characters identity and self-expression. Adrienne Rich â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers† Alice Walker â€Å"Everyday Use† Comparison Paper Analyzing the two types of literatureRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1372 Words   |  6 Pagessociety as a whole, but more specifically in the African American Community. Alice Walker gives slight insight into   what being forced   to assimilate is like. She says in her short story Everyday Use: She will stand hopelessly in corners homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs eyeing her sister with a mixture of envy and awe. Statements such as these are a regular occurrence in her works. Walker often speaks on the ever so disheartening topic of cultural assimilation and theRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker996 Words   |  4 PagesIn the short story â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker, the author describes different ideas about one’s heritage. Culture and heritage is at the main point of the story â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker as symbolized by the quilt. The bond that Mother and Maggie share is brought by their common talent to make works of art like quilts. Dee does not have similar capacity because she does not appreciate manual labor nor believes in her heritage. The idea of pride in culture, heritage, and family is the mainRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1721 Words   |  7 PagesIn her short story â€Å"Everyday Use,† Alice Walker summarizes the representation of the beauty, the conflicts and struggles within African-American culture. â€Å"Everyday Use† focuses mainly between members of the Johnson family, consisting of a mother and her two daughters. One of the daughters Maggie, who was injured in a house fire and has living a shy life clinging to her mother for security. Her older sister is Dee, who grew up with a grace and natural beauty. â€Å"Dee is lighter than Maggie, with nicerRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1111 Words   |  5 Pagestheir culture. Alice Walker highlights and distinguishes the dissimilarities and clichà © of country African American women with the actualities that make up their lives. Characterized by short, compound sentences, with long adjectives and use of literary elements, her style is eloquent conversational and authentic. Alice Walker’s short story, Everyday Use is stylistic, ironic and narrates profound interpretation of unique views and approaches to African-American culture. Walker’s use of characterizationRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1735 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker and â€Å"Brownies† by ZZ Packer are two different short stories with different lessons but both talk about the topic of race. Both stories talks about the time in the 20th century when slavery just ended but racism are still active between African Americans and Caucasians. Walker described a story about a single African American mother who is waiting for her daughter to arrive from college. Packer described a story about these African American fourth graders who are inRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1655 Words   |  7 PagesIn â€Å"everyday Use,† Alice Walker tells a narrative of a mother’s frustrating relationship together with her two daughters. At this facet, â€Å",Everyday Use†, tells that how a mom little by little refuses the cursory values of her older, successful daughter at the aspect of the useful values of her younger, much less lucky daughter. On a deeper outlook, Alice Walker takes on the theme of heritage and its norms as it applies to African-Americans. Everday Use, is set inside the late ,60s or mid ,70sRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1447 Words   |  6 PagesAbout â€Å"Everyday Use† The conflict in the story is centered around the clash between the two worlds with which Walker s character Dee is endued. Dee increasingly accuses her heritage of the ideas and rhetoric of the new Black Pride movement. Walker weaves the theme of African cultural nationalism with a descriptive conflict immersed in family issues. On another level, Alice Walker offers a unique look at the struggling African-American woman to find both a personality and voice from the shadows of

Freedom of Contract in English Law Free Essays

string(158) " a seller automatically assumes certain obligations to the buyer as a result of terms which are automatically implied in every contract regulated by the Act\." In earlier days, agreement was built on a very classic and simple basis: it is concluded at the moment that the acceptance of an offer takes place and that is all. In consequence, equal parties were non-existent and stronger parties had the possibility to impose unfair and domineering conditions upon those who were weak and vulnerable. It is in this context that both legislations and courts agreed that State action was indispensable to ensure fairness among individual parties, in an era where the exercise of law of freedom were extremely restricted. We will write a custom essay sample on Freedom of Contract in English Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now In today’s English law, freedom of contract is one the foundation of contract law. The existence of freedom of contract requires three main considerations: the freedom to contract or not to contract, the freedom to choose with whom to contract, and the freedom to decide the terms of the contract. Thus parties are totally free to engage or not to engage in agreements. However, freedom of contract can fail to have the desired or expected effect in contracts where power relations are not equal. The stronger party can impose its â€Å"will† to the weaker party. In order to deal with any potential conflict that can arise from this matter, English legal systems has set up rules ensuring the effective and fair exercise of freedom of contract. This essay will discuss and examine those rules in question, established by the English law in order to effectively balance freedom of contract and fairness between the contracting parties as well as fair contractual terms. And also on the other hand limits of freedom of contract will be exposed. Freedom of contract, as its appellation suggests, has a strong relationship with contract. In order to identify this relationship, it is important to understand what is meant by â€Å"contract† and the rules governing it. In English law, a contract is a legally binding agreement reached on a set of promises (or obligations) and specific terms. The validity of any contract requires 4 main features: an offer, acceptance, consideration and intention to create legal relations. Thus, when one party (the offeror) makes an offer which the other (offeree) accepts, then agreement is concluded. However, the mere fact of an agreement is insufficient for a contract to be completely valid. This implies that a party must promise to give or do something for the other. This idea of exchanging promises is known as â€Å"consideration† and is an essential requisite of any valid contract. In Currie v Misa(1875) it (consideration) was held to constitute a benefit to one party or a detriment to the other. For instance, when a bottle of wine is bought from a shop, the benefit received is the bottle of wine, and the detriment is the money paid to the shop. Yet it is important to take into concern the rules governing consideration. First of all, consideration must not be in the past(as mentioned in the a. This rule suggests that if one party willingly performs an act, and the other party then makes a promise the consideration said to be in the past. Therefore past consideration is regarded as no consideration at all. For instance, a pregnant woman named Julie, knowing that her neighbour, Lucy, is concerned about her health, offers to do the housework for her. This takes Lucy tremendous amount of time to do, and Julie is so content with the result that she promises to pay Lucy ? 30 for her effort. If Julie fails to pay, Lucy will not have the possibility to sue for breach of contract as Julie’s promise to pay was after the completion of the work. The fact of this case is supported by the case of Re McArdle(1951,CA) in which it was held that no valid contract existed since the home improvements were past consideration; they had been carried out before any promise to pay had been made. Another rule is that consideration must move from the promisee which is very similar to the concept of law of privity. So for instance if A makes a promises to B, the promise will only be enforceable if B can equally show that he has provided consideration for A’s promise. This rule clearly demonstrates the fairness (among parties) of the doctrine of consideration. Finally, consideration must be sufficient but need not to be adequate. This rule stipulates that a good consideration must be of some value but there is not necessity for a bargain to be of adequate value. For example, if someone is willing to sell his Ferrari for ? 1, the contract will not be in vain due to lack of consideration and therefore will be sufficient. In this case, Courts will not measure the adequacy of the consideration (the fact that a Ferrari is offered to be sold at only ? 1) as it is up to one party to decide whether or not he agrees with the other party promises. The contract in English law enhances principle of freedom of contract. Indeed, the terms of the contract is freely determined and agreed by the parties. However, there are various circumstances in which additional terms may be implied into the agreement. The aim of implied terms is often to provide a supplement to a contractual agreement in the interest of making bargain more effective, to achieve fairness between the parties and to alleviate hardship. Term may be implied by custom. Here it is suggested that a contract must always be examined in the light of its surrounding commercial context. So the parties automatically assume that sometimes their contract will be subject to the customs of a particular locality or trade and therefore do not deal specifically with the matter in their contract. One of the cases illustrating this is Hutton v Warren(1836). A term may equally be implied into a contract y Act of Parliament in the form of statutes. Under the Sale of Goods Act 1979, ss 12-15 for instance, a seller automatically assumes certain obligations to the buyer as a result of terms which are automatically implied in every contract regulated by the Act. You read "Freedom of Contract in English Law" in category "Essay examples" The seller is required by statute to promise that he has lawful authority to transfer ownership of the goods(s12)(the seller would for example break this term if it turns out that the goods were stolen);that the goods being sold will match the description he provided the buyer(s13)(for instance a shirt described as 100 per cent cotton should not contain man-made fibres); that the quality of the goods being sold will satisfy the buyer(s14(2)); that the good will be suitable for any purpose specified by the buyer(s 14(3)); and that the goods being sold will match any sample shown to the buyer prior to the contract being made(s 15). Breach of any of these terms will put the buyer in a strong position and be given the option to be discharged from the contract or alternatively carry on with the contract and claim damages for the breach. This will lead us to the concept of remedies mentioned in the following part. In English contract law, a crucial aspect of the contractual relationship is the enforcement of the contract, as the obligation that pact must be kept firmly by parties is considered as the backbone of any contractual relationship. However, a problem can occur if a contract is not adequately performed and one of the parties renounces to perform its obligations. This is where the concept of non-performance and the remedies available to the injured party become applicable. Breach of contract arises from the non-respect of the pact (or terms) agreed between parties. The aggrieved party is then given the common law right to claim for a remedy resulting from any quantifiable loss or harm suffered. Damage (financial compensation) is the most basic remedy available to the innocent party. In today business environment, it is not rare for the parties to agree in advance the damages that will be payable in the occurrence of a breach of contract. These damages are referred to as liquidated damages. An illustration of liquidated damages is the charges imposed for cancelling a flight or the booking of a hotel room. But sometimes, there is a temptation for a party with stronger trading power to try imposing a penalty clause (punitive payment for the non-performance of a term or condition) as demonstrated in Wilson v. Love (1896) case. Other remedies such as quantum damages and injunction may be granted at the discretion of the court as part of its equitable jurisdiction. So, as mentioned above, remedies is all about compensating the aggrieved party for causing him loss or harm. This can be avoided by the consideration of the prevailing rules of freedom of contract. In other words, Freedom of contract allowing individual parties to freely contract or not to, and no one being forced to do it , whoever therefore who gives a contractual promise must then keep it. Or on the contrary case, as described in earlier parts can be constrained by legal authorities to honour its commitment or compensate the other party. However, performance of a contract becomes sometimes impossible due to the circumstances beyond the control of either of the parties and not due to their fault. The legal term referring to this situation is frustration. An example of this unforeseen event is illustrated in the case of Taylor v Caldwell (1863) in which it was held that contract was impossible to perform due to an external and unforeseen event. Consequences are that the contract is killed and parties discharged from further liability. This limits the exercise of freedom of contract in a sense that the agreement formed by the parties is nullified, regardless individual parties will. Another limitation of freedom of contract is that the choice of other contracting party is not always free. For example, an employer is not totally free to hire the person of his choice. The fact that insurance contracts are sometimes made obligatory by parties equally render the exercise of freedom of contract limited, as concerned parties did not freely choose to contract with an insurance company. So far, this paper has been about the relationship between the exercise of freedom of contract and law of contract. However not only is freedom of contract concerned with contract law but also with another component of the English private law, which is tort law. A tort is a civil wrong. In other words, it refers to the liability of a person who causes harm to another with the obligation to repair the damages suffered by the victim. An example of tort is damage to commercial interests, e. g. inducement of breach of contract. Also known as tortious interference, inducement of breach of contract arise where the wrongdoer convinces a party to breach the contract against the claimant, or where the wrongdoer prevents one party from performing his obligations(agreed with the other party), thus stopping the claimant from receiving the performance promised. Furthermore, after mentioning the existence of a duty of care, which is an element required making negligence claim (concerned with a wrongdoer’s careless conduct which cause damage or loss to the defendant), the claimant (the injured party) can prove that this duty has been broken by the defendant (the other party). Hence the close relationship between duty of care and the requisites of freedom of contract in the sense that if parties freely agree to contract (including the terms of it), then, it is suggested, that they owe a duty of care to each other because the careless conduct (which can affect the contract) of one party can prevent the other one from receiving the performance promised, regardless to the external factor that caused the misconduct of the blamed party. This fact is supported by the case of Garret v. Taylor (1620) in which the court upheld a judgment for the claimant. To conclude, the purpose of this essay has been to describe and make a connection between law of contract as well as law of torts and freedom of contract. Thus, English legal systems have established multiple rules of conduct from different parties to a contract in order to ensure fairness between them. Henceforth, contracting parties are given freedom to contract with whoever they want, including the terms of the contracts. Also, thanks to rules such as of duty of care, or of doctrine of remedies, an injured party is now given the possibility to claim for compensation of loss or harm caused by the blamed party, who will be then obliged by legal authorities to repair the damages caused to the aggrieved party due to non-respect of the rules established. In the end, it must be acknowledge that English Law has stroke an appropriate balance between freedom of contract and fairness. References: Currie v Misa (1875) LR 10 Ex 153; (1875-76) LR 1 App Cas 554:Definition of consideration Garret v. Taylor, 79 Eng. Rep. 485 (K. B. 1620): Tortious interference Hutton v Warren (1836) 1 M;W 460:Implied terms Re McArdle(1951,CA ):Past consideration being unacceptable Sale of Goods Act 1979, ss 12-15 : Statutory implied terms Taylor v Caldwell (1863) 3 B ; S 826; 122 ER 309; [1863] EWHC QB J1: impossibility of performance of contract Wilson v. Love (1896) : Liquidated damages How to cite Freedom of Contract in English Law, Essay examples

Compare and contrast Germany v America Essay Example For Students

Compare and contrast Germany v America Essay Europeans and Americans have much more in common than most people think, making adjustments to life in a new country easier. Many customs are similar to practices in the United States. Germans have their own way of being German. Germany is a relatively small and densely populated country. Unlike the United States, which is a large, densely populated country. The greatest shock to Americans is the speed at which Germans drive. The roads and freeways are quite narrow. Speed limits in cities are strictly enforced, but on much of the Autobahn there is no limit on how fast drivers can go. Although it is against the law, impatient Germans may also tailgate at high speeds and/or flash their headlights when they want to pass your vehicle. If you are driving for the first time in Germany, keep right. Left lanes are for passing only. Unlike when you are driving in America; Americans tend to travel in the lane that is meant for passing and the faster drivers. Americans tend to think I am going the speed limit, so I am going to stay in the left lane, the Germany way of thinking is that if you are not passing anyone or if you are going too slow, your car needs to be in the right hand lane. Unlike in the United States, train travel is a German way of life. You can get on at train at any bahnhof (train station) and travel to any destination in Europe you would like. The Germans use the train as their main mean of travel due to pollution and the inflated gas prices. Americans tend to use the automobile as our main mean of travel more than we should. Nobody likes to wait in line especially the German people, who seem to have to do it more often than Americans. Even normally courteous Germans may elbow their way ahead if you dont stand your ground. Its not unusual to get bumped by a tailgating shopping cart. Keep smiling; it is just the German way of life. Its usual to greet others when walking into a waiting room, small business or train compartment. A simple Guten Tag or, in s outhern Germany, Gruess Gott, is in order. Germans are also avid hand-shakers. Not only do they shake hands when meeting someone for the first time, but at every meeting thereafter. Upon arrival at small parties and gatherings, it is not unusual to greet everyone individually, with a handshake and then make the round again when you leave. Never have a hand in your pocket when shaking hands and always make eye contact. Germans are quite reserved and usually wont take the initiative to meet someone unless its necessary, especially if they notice you are American and their English is rusty or nonexistent. Germans expect Americans friendly, so its a good idea for you to take the initiative and introduce yourself. Every little bit of German you learn helps. Germans and all Europeans appreciate Americans who are trying to learn their language. When youre invited to a German home, it is customary to bring a gift. The safest tokens of appreciation are bottled, either wine or spirits. If yo u choose to bring flowers, dont pick red roses unless youre in love with the host and always unwrap the florists paper before handing over the bouquet. Even in inclimate weather, Germans love to take long walks and work in their gardens. They are firm believers in the benefits of breathing fresh air and staying active. Which is a good thing since the main ingredients in their diet are fat and alcohol. Germans have well-kept public swimming pools called schwimbads, that are reasonably priced and very popular. Germans also regularly air out their homes and bedding. It is not unusual to see open windows with blankets and feather comforters hanging out of them. Another familiar sight is men or women leaning out their windows watching the world go by. Theyre not being nosy theyre enjoying a bit of fresh air. In the summer, outdoor cafes and beer gardens are packed. Beer gardens are often located outside of town, in shady park-like areas or in the woods. Germans often take walks throug h town when all the stores are closed, or hike in the forest, stopping for a leisurely drink at an outdoor cafe or outdoor pub along the way. In America we wait to be seated, even at pizza hut and we would never think of sharing a table with a stranger; in Germany the traditions on this are totally different. It isnt customary to be seated by a host in many eating establishments in Germany. Often guests sit down at any unoccupied table or, after asking permission of those seated there, at an occupied table. Sharing tables with total strangers is common, especially in the South. Watch out, though, for tables with a Reserviert sign or those labeled Stammtisch, which are reserved for regulars. You wont automatically get a glass of water when you sit down. In fact, you should order something to drink, because 10 percent of the charge for the food and drink is part of your waiters pay; even though you should round up you bill to the nearest mark. Most drinking water in Germany is bottled and carbonated. Germans believe its unhealthy if you drink tap water (Leitungswasser) but waiters will bring it if you insist. After your food is served, its polite to wish your fellow diners Guten Appetit. In America we ask for the bill when we are done; if the wait staff hasnt already brought it. In Germany, how you position your knife and fork sends a message. If youre done, put the knife and fork together, tips toward the middle of the plate and handles toward your right elbow. Lying them down in a V with the tip facing away from you means youd like another serving. The German dining and celebration culture revolves around alcohol much more than in the States. It only takes one visit to a German festival, like the famous Oktoberfest, for visitors to realize that it is nothing more than a big beer party. When it comes to alcohol consumption, Germans are No. 1. The average German drinks 12.1 liters of pure alcohol per year. It is much more common to have beer or wine with dinner than a soda or water. Its no wonder southern Germany produces some of the best wine and beer in the world. If Germans invite you for a drink, it means they intend to pay. Having a drink with friends means toasting. Lots of it. In a group setting, youll hear calls to toast Prost or Zum Wohl continuously. When everyone raises a glass, be sure to clink with each person and make eye contact as you do so. Lighting up a cigarette is still fashionable in Germany. A larger proportion of Germans smoke compared to Americans, especially among the younger generation. Germans dont typically ask permission to smoke in your presence. They just do it. Non-smoking sections of restaurants and even hospitals are rare. I am going to commit a large part of my essay to the German Fests. While Germans may seem reserved, the truth is they take every opportunity to let their hair down. Almost everyone has heard of Oktoberfest, the famous Munich event that dates back to the 1800s. Between six and seven m illion people visit the fairgrounds each year to visit the seven huge beer halls or peruse hundreds of smaller stands. Oktoberfest isnt just popular for its beer; there are also roller coasters, Ferris wheels, helicopter swings, and bumper cars. Waiters and waitresses deliver tons of rotisserie chicken, ham hocks, sausages and pretzels. While the patrons drink their beer in the famous one-liter mug, bands blare inside the massive tents. Summertime brings a steady flow of fests. Every village, no matter how small, has at least one fest. Some celebrate foods and others just celebrate. Germany is not known internationally for wine since Germans drink most of it, rather than exporting it but vineyards have been cultivated since Roman times. Even cold weather cant keep Germans from their fests. The winter holidays of Christmas and carnival each bring their own celebrations. Many cities host a Weihnachtsmarkt, or Christmas market, during the four-week Advent period before Christmas. Thes e markets are a wonderland for anyone with a sweet tooth. Vendors sell all kinds of cookies, along with ornaments and small gift items. To ward off the chill, shoppers can buy mulled red wine or gluhwine as the Germans call it. Soon after the New Year, carnival festivities get rolling as if the festivities had even stopped. Originally a pagan celebration, carnival now fits in with the church calendar. The fun comes together in the days before Ash Wednesday. Some say the Fasching revelry is a good way to unwind before Lent, the 40 somber days leading up to Easter. Each regions Fasching traditions are different, so its worthwhile to visit parades in several cities. The big, elaborate parades in Mainz, Cologne and Munich are the most famous, but people have more fun at the smaller local events. The villages often compete with each other to throw the most entertaining gala. Witches and fools in grotesque masks tease those along the parade route, playing tricks, scaring children and han ding out goodies. Fasching is much like Halloween, Easter, and Mardi Gras rolled into one. .u2516cb44301b4c6778a619c428e54140 , .u2516cb44301b4c6778a619c428e54140 .postImageUrl , .u2516cb44301b4c6778a619c428e54140 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2516cb44301b4c6778a619c428e54140 , .u2516cb44301b4c6778a619c428e54140:hover , .u2516cb44301b4c6778a619c428e54140:visited , .u2516cb44301b4c6778a619c428e54140:active { border:0!important; } .u2516cb44301b4c6778a619c428e54140 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2516cb44301b4c6778a619c428e54140 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2516cb44301b4c6778a619c428e54140:active , .u2516cb44301b4c6778a619c428e54140:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2516cb44301b4c6778a619c428e54140 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2516cb44301b4c6778a619c428e54140 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2516cb44301b4c6778a619c428e54140 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2516cb44301b4c6778a619c428e54140 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2516cb44301b4c6778a619c428e54140:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2516cb44301b4c6778a619c428e54140 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2516cb44301b4c6778a619c428e54140 .u2516cb44301b4c6778a619c428e54140-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2516cb44301b4c6778a619c428e54140:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: About Compass's Invention Essay During day-to-day operations Germans may be more reserved than Americans; however, when the Germans are finished with their daily obligations, they really loosen up. You shouldnt visit Germany looking for sunny, warm weather; but, if you are looking for a good time, Germany is the place to go. Bibliography:

The Moviegoer...Walker Percy Essays - Kingdom Hearts Characters

The Moviegoer...Walker Percy 1-28-00 Moviegoer book report In Walker Percy's story The Moviegoer, Binx Bolling, a Stockbroker on the verge of turning thirty is on a quest. Set in 1960 New Orleans during Mardi Gras Binx, an upper class southern gentleman sets out to find out about himself. Answer questions that have tugged at his soul. Questions about despair, everydayness, religion and romance. Binx is stuck in a quagmire. He must break out from this cloak of ennui and find the essence of being. But how? How can people, a person with a soul and a world at their fingertips be so inept at finding what makes them alive. Can it be found in religion or on the arm of a southern beauty? Maybe it can be found in the surrealism of a movie, or the excitement of making money. What if an answer is found? Will it frighten a person back to their everydayness? Some of these question are sound, others may be just thoughts in the authors mind, but they are questions that Binx must find out about. The following will talk about the idea of despair & everydayness and if others think about searching the way Binx Bol ling does. Binx is deathly afraid of being pulled into everydayness. That is to say that he does not want to fall into the trap of a daily, weekly of life long rut. He does not want to settle for just living just an existence. He wants to be noticed, to have the ability of excitement on a daily routine. To work hard and start a family and fight for what he thinks is a grand life. Only to realize years later that such a routine was established you never left from where you started. To Binx that is death. Not physically dead, but soulfully dead. But what is so wrong with everydayness. One could argue that everydayness could be a positive influence. Millions of people for hundreds of years have lived a life of everydayness. Has society stopped? Have people withered into tiny robots fueled by repetition? People need repetition to keep them going. Everydayness gets us up in the morning. It puts us in the game of life. It causes others to rely on one another. If you are to change a habit, chaos can f ollow. The man who changes his routine of being husband and father can cause such damage to his family and others that it's almost unthinkable. Maybe these people are the ones on to something. And the people rooting about trying to avoid everydayness are the ones that are lost. They are the ones stuck in everydayness, stuck in despair. Binx tries with all his might to avoid the pit falls of everydayness and despair. He finds comfort on the arm of various women and in the movies that he frequents. Maybe he is on to something here. If you change the company you are with on a regular basis, you can avoid the everydayness that has taken the life of others around him. Different smiles that are all the same, backsides that melt together: Marcia, Linda and now Sharon. Talk about repetition. That's a living hell and then to justify it all through a movie. To believe that a celluloid hero can mimic real life is just unreal. Happiness can be written into the script. Everydayness is an overlooked flash in the background. The director yells cut if things go amiss. Ideals can be manipulated to fit the screen. Binx puts more effort into avoiding everydayness than it takes to live with it He is avoiding something that so many of us long to have. Is Binx that far into his own despair that he is missing the whole idea of finding ev erydayness? Many people search for that perfect person just to spend a lifetime of everydayness with. Binx lives through the movies he sees. He finds a realness there, a realness that is lacking in real life. He talks about certification. With that he feels that the places where we live and visit are not real unless those locations are depicted in the movies. It's not just movies where he finds this certification. For example when both

The Agapito Flores Fluorescent Lamp Controversy

The Agapito Flores Fluorescent Lamp Controversy No one knows who initially proposed the notion that Agapito Flores, a Filipino electrician who lived and worked in the early 20th century, invented  the first  fluorescent lamp. In spite of evidence that disproves the claim, the controversy has raged for years.  Some proponents of the tale have gone so far as to suggest that the word fluorescent was derived from Flores last name, but considering the verifiable history of fluorescence and the subsequent development of fluorescent lighting, its clear that the assertions are false. The Origin of Fluorescence While fluorescence  had been observed by many scientists as far back as the 16th century, it was Irish physicist and mathematician George Gabriel Stokes who finally explained the phenomenon in 1852. In his paper on the wavelength properties of light, Stokes described how uranium glass and the mineral fluorspar could transform invisible ultra-violet light into visible light of greater wavelengths.  He referred to this phenomenon as dispersive reflection, but wrote: â€Å"I confess that I do not like this term. I am almost inclined to coin a word, and call the appearance  Ã‚  fluorescence  Ã‚  from fluor-spar, as the analogous term opalescence is derived from the name of a mineral.† In 1857, the French physicist Alexandre E. Becquerel,  who had investigated both fluorescence and  phosphorescence, theorized about the construction of fluorescent tubes similar to those still used today. Let There Be Light On May 19, 1896, about 40 years after Becquerel postulated his light-tube theories, Thomas Edison filed a patent for a fluorescent lamp. In 1906, he filed a second application, and finally, on September 10, 1907, he was granted a patent. Unfortunately, instead of utilizing ultraviolet light, Edisons lamps employed X-rays, which is likely the reason his company never produced the lamps commercially. After one of Edisons assistants died of radiation poisoning, further research and development were suspended. American  Peter Cooper Hewitt patented the first low-pressure mercury-vapor lamp in 1901 (U.S. patent 889,692), which is considered the first prototype for todays modern fluorescent lights. Edmund Germer, who invented a high-pressure vapor lamp, also invented an improved fluorescent lamp. In 1927, he co-patented an experimental fluorescent lamp with Friedrich Meyer and Hans Spanner. The Flores Myth Busted   Agapito Flores was born in Guiguinto, Bulacan, the Philippines, on September 28, 1897. As a young man, he worked as an apprentice in a machine shop. He later moved to Tondo, Manila, where he trained at a vocational school to become an electrician. According to the myth surrounding his supposed invention of the fluorescent lamp, Flores allegedly was granted a French patent for a fluorescent bulb and the General Electric Company subsequently bought those patent rights and manufactured a version of his fluorescent bulb.   Its quite a story, as far as it goes, however, it ignores the fact that Flores was born 40  years after Becquerel first explored the phenomenon  of fluorescence, and was only 4 years old when Hewitt patented his mercury vapor lamp. Likewise, the term fluorescent could not have been coined in homage to Flores, since it predates his birth by 45 years (as evidenced by the prior existence of George Stokes paper) According to Dr. Benito Vergara of the Philippine Science Heritage Center, As far as I could learn, a certain Flores presented the idea of fluorescent light to Manuel Quezon when he became president, however, Dr. Vergara goes on to clarify that at that time, the General Electric Company had already presented the fluorescent light to the public. The final takeaway to the tale is that while Agapito Flores may or may not have explored the practical applications of fluorescence, he neither gave the phenomenon its name nor invented the lamp that used it as illumination.

Explain the Differences between Mass Tourism and Alternative Tourism Essay

Explain the Differences between Mass Tourism and Alternative Tourism and Discuss the Extent to which each Can Benefit Local Comm - Essay Example Mass tourism refers to an uncontrolled type of tourism, where tourists use up non-renewable natural resources. The adverse consequences are caused by â€Å"overpopulated, inundated resorts, and social problems with tourists confined to their golden ghettos and locals to their impoverished conditions† (Encyclopedia of Tourism 2000: 20). The excesses of mass tourism culminated in the development of alternative tourism based on ethical, ideological and political principles, with dynamic and innovative solutions for situations having dangerous implications for the future. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the differences between mass and alternative tourism, and whether each can benefit local communities. National resources including culture and heritage are the main assets of tourism; hence social and environmental well-being are considered to be more important than economic well-being. Mass tourism is mainstream, and the authorities have been consider ing whether alternative forms of tourism would be more sustainable than mass tourism. â€Å"Ecotourism, particularly community-based ecotourism, is becoming the mainstay of alternative tourism development in less developed countries (LDCs)† (Hashimoto 2002: 83). ... It also sustains indigenous lifestyles, and provides incentives for wildlife conservation besides other natural resources. On the other hand, mass tourism creates environmental havoc, â€Å"adulterates and debases indigenous cultures, and brings unsightly development, pollution, and environmental degradation† (Knox and Marston 2003: 321). In the Caribbean, sewage has polluted coastal waters, and poisoned mangrove trees, while boats and divers have damaged coral reefs. In the European Alps, tourists ten times greater in number than the local population have ripped up forests, obliterated pastures, and covered scenic valleys with hotels and other facilities. Cooper, Fletcher, Fyall et al (2008) reiterate that environmental impacts of mass tourism include high-rise hotels on beach frontages, and other constructions. Additionally, tourism activities can overdraw scarce natural resources such as water for swimming pools and other facilities. Environmental impacts of weeding chemica ls used in golf courses, besides fertilizers, pesticides and other treatments, are high. Further, transportation networks and leisure activities such as using snowmobiles add to the noise and air pollution. Air transport and local level tour buses and other vehicles add to the environmental pollution. Hence, â€Å"greater commitment is required from the tourism industry† (Jenner & Smith 1992: 5) to reduce environmental degradation which reduces tourism profits to host communities, besides causing depletion of natural resources. . A study conducted by Gursoy, Chi and Dyer (2010) examined local residents’ attitudes toward development of mass tourism and alternative tourism, in Sunshine Coast, Australia. Community support for either type of tourism

Dessertation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Dessertation - Essay Example This is known as managing a project or project management. Project management has been defined as â€Å"the application of knowledge skills, tools and techniques to project activities in order to meet or exceed stakeholder needs and expectations from the project† (Duncan, 1996). In order to meet or exceed the stakeholder needs and expectations, project management balancing competing demands among, scope, time, costs and quality. Urban transportation system in most countries poses a challenge with the pace at which nations are developing. This is more prominent in the developing countries where the pace of growth is more rapid than the developed countries. Many developing nations have undertaken ambitious projects of constructing the metro rail or the underground railway system as the surface has become crowded with different types of transportation system. Such projects typically have cost and time overruns and are surrounded by litigations and objections from various stakeholders. In additions, the developing nations have numerous pressures from the political and economic set-up for additions and deletions of the proposed route. Factors like these lead to litigation and which are not usually provided in the project planning stage. These factors in turn are responsible for cost and time overruns. India has registered phenomenal growth in the last two decades but the urban transport system continues to pose challenges. Bangalore is one of the major metro cities in India which has been undergoing severe urban traffic congestion problem and urgent measures were adopted. Bangalore has been experiencing a combination of population, economic and spatial growth that has placed tremendous stress on the public infrastructure and services. Economic growth has led to rise in incomes and consequently more demand for road space as people opt for personalized motor vehicles. To reduce

MET329 Fluid Power Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MET329 Fluid Power - Research Paper Example The course was inspired by the long time application of fluid power dating back from ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia where water was used for irrigation (Hill 143-152). Fluid power course includes various engineering and science modules, which covers topics such as dam design, pipe flow, pumps, hydropower, flow measurements, turbines, erosions, and river channel behaviors (Eckert 20). The accredited person with a fluid power degree can find an opportunity in various industries such as mining to operate mining machineries, in the real estate industries to offer services such as lift maintenance. The experience related to fluid power can also be applied in motor vehicles, agriculture, and in any other engineering projects where power is generated from gas and fluids. In conclusion, the MET329 Fluid Power course is rooted in ancient civilizations where it was used on irrigation, boats, among other applications. It started as technological advancements, but today is studied as a career subject, which can assist one to be employed in various industries such as water supply, irrigations, and hydraulic motors amongst others. The course will shape the world’s technological scope in the future by offering special research algorithms of automating all machineries through fluid

Biological Criminal Behavior Profile of Andrea Yates

Biological Criminal Behavior Profile of Andrea Yates Judy Mazzucca Dysfunctional behavior or anxiety are two illness that produce results in the cerebrum. Experiencing these behaviors can cause indefinitely change to an individual. They are able to implement unrealistic things in the mind like voices, distrustfulness and pipedreams. At times, individuals with these type of diseases begin harming themselves. In different cases, when that does not feel sufficiently, the individual then will swing to harming and in some cases executing other individuals. Andrea Yates is exceptionally outstanding for her horrendous wrongdoings against her youngsters. Mrs. Yates is somebody who profoundly experienced dysfunctional behavior (post birth anxiety and baby blues psychosis). These sorts of dysfunctional behavior ladies endure subsequent to bringing forth their children, they are intense diseases. It took psychiatric medication and people in general a considerable measure time to acknowledge how genuine it can get. The case of Andrea Yates conveyed a different insight to humanity. July 2, 1964, Andrea Yates was born in Houston Texas. Yates was an extremely timid yet splendid young woman. Andrea Yates moved on from her secondary school, Milby High, as valedictorian in the year 1982. At the point when Yates graduated, she went ahead to go to the University of Texas for their wellbeing and science program. After diligent work and devotion, Yates was so pleased with her reviews that she graduated and turned into an enrolled nurture. Shortly after moving on from school she wedded the man she had always wanted, Rusty Yates. Right after marriage, Yates found she was pregnant with their first child. The married couple were very happy about the news. Not far after the birth of their son Yates hinted at some minor baby blues. Inside the following five years Yates brought forth two other youngsters, the couple at the season of their third tyke were living in Florida in a 38-foot trailer, with next to no family bolster. They chose to move back home to Texas. When they gav e back, the family acquired a 350 ft. transport to live. A man let them know whether they proceeded with their corrupt ways their kids would smolder in hellfire. Yates acknowledged this, it stayed with her yet that did not prevent them from having more kids (AE.2012). In 1999 Yates and her significant other respected their fourth youngster, another kid into their effectively substantial family. Until this point, Yates was adapting to the misery which was minor yet being a homemaker of four youngsters, the worry of life was inflicting significant damage. A couple of months in the wake of brining home her fourth tyke Yates sank further into her post birth anxiety. Yates was so stressed and overlmed by June of 1999 that she considered the thought of taking her own life. After being in the hospital for seven days, Yates never admitted that she was emotionally unstable. Later sent home and provided with medicine to treat the post pregnancy anxiety, she noticed it was working well for her. Yates stopped the medication after the fourthteen day which made her wosen. Yates was fantasizing and unable to care for her small children. It was so critical that she started talking with the characters from television. In July, she begged her husband for him not to get in the way of her taking her own life as she held a knife on her neck. Corroded, her significant other, then conceded her to doctors facility again for a ten-day assessment. Having to follow up with her doctor, he noticed that Yates was not mentally stable. The doctor changed Yates medicines and she was able to go home to her family. As 1999 finished, Yates appeared to turning into the mother she needed and should have been. She was taking her meds, making the most of her kids and life appeared to be less distressing for her. As the year 2000 gets started, Yates comes to the surprise of being preganant with her fourth child. Her daughter was born in November of 2000. Back again into early 2001, Yates started to become hysterical. Yates doctor had to remove her from taking Haldol. Her doctor came to the conclusion that Yates was not in her right state of mind. The doctor thought that Yates was being affected for being a mother of several children. He essentially requesting that her concentrate on being solid and remain positive. This was simpler said than accomplished for Yates and nobody could foresee what this one activity would be trailed by. As 1999 finished, Yates appeared to turning into the mother she needed and expected to be. She was taking her meds, making the most of her youngsters and life appeared to be less unpleasant for her. Against her doctors will, Yates becomes pregnant with her fifth child. November 30, 2000 Yates and her husband bring a girl to this world. They are now pour boy and one girl, she tries hard to get comfortable with her life. In March 2001 Yates hit a hurricane and gradually began to winding wild, particularly after the demise her dad prior that month. Yates ran into talk with her therapist toward the finish of March of 2001 in the wake of talking with her he chose to take her off Haldol. Her therapist felt Yates was not in a long haul insane state, he recently felt that being a mother five was unpleasant now and again and life would improve for her. He basically requesting that her concentrate on being solid and remain positive. This was less demanding said than accomplished for Yates and nobody could anticipate what this one activity would be trailed by. In May of 2001 Yates came back to the clinic she was there for then days in light of the fact that into her stay Yates asserted that she was fine and that she simply expected to figure out how to deal with her life and stress better. Be that as it may, not long after her arrival home from this visit Yates started to self-hurt once more, quit conveying, declined to sustain her youngsters and had started to peruse the book of scriptures lavishly. Yates was persuaded that in the event that she didnt do what the voices were advising her to do that her youngsters would be sent to damnation for all endlessness. On June 20, 2001 Yates went into her lavatory feeling the tub with water while her youngsters played in the family room, nobody could envision the arrangements that were disentangling in Yates head as the voices squeezed her squeezed her. Yates wrapped up the tub and got the most youthful kid, her lone little girl first. From her she advanced from the most youthful to most establish ed holding every one under the water suffocating them. One by one Yates laid them on the quaint little inn mind she thought she had spared her youngsters from the doors of hellfire, to her in her mind they were currently blessed messengers, and they were spared. Yates spouse, Rusty, returned home later that night to make a horrifying disclosure he strolled in the space to discover every one of his youngsters laying their as though they were dozing yet upon him looking nearer he realized that they were no more. All Yates could state to him and the police was, the fiend said on the off chance that they lived and I didnt spare them he would take them to damnation to blaze, I spared them. Yates remained in a mental state week after the wrongdoing had happened, she demonstrated no feelings toward what she had done asserting that she was not a decent mother. She went ahead to state her children where terrible and that her youngsters were not growing effectively either. In the wake of being captured Yates needed to have a few specialists and therapists come into see her since she achieved a point where she would not nourish herself or deal with herself period. On the outside world thought Yates case was flooding the sensationalist newspapers and news, and the crazy piece of that was a considerable measure of mother felt for her and comprehended in light of her condition with post pregnancy anxiety and baby blues psychosis. Other however felt nauseated by the wrongdoing yet one thing was without a doubt Yates was not treated legitimately for her condition. Yates lawyers contended energetically and utilized the way that her specialists and specialists neglected to give her appropriate care for the most part as a result of protection issues yet none the less Yates was a ticking time bomb that needed legitimate prescription and treatment to help her with her issues. In 2002, Yates was sentenced to capital murder, sentenced to life in jail with conceivable parole once the forty years is finished. There was an annulment for Yates conviction in July 2006 because of proof her legal counselors spoke to on her mental state, Yates was then found not liable because of craziness. Not long after the decision Yates was transported to Vernon Texas mental office called North Texas State Hospital. Ideal on time in 2007, in any case, Yates was relocated again to another mental recuperating office in Kerriville, Texas as she posed not to be a hazard to staff or herself. Subsequent to examining and checking on this case one can be left with question toward the end, why did Andrea Yates carry out this awful wrongdoing? The appropriate response is dysfunctional behavior, this is a genuine condition regardless of what sort of emotional instability a man may have and it should be tended to and treated effectively. Dr. Gerald Harris, who is a clinical therapist, has talked with Yates on a few distinct events to attempt and comprehend why and furthermore analyze precisely what is new with her. On those visits Yates had expressed similar things that she has initially that the demon had been conversing with her, that she should have been rebuffed for not being a decent mother to her kids, and that her kids were terrible as a result of her and her decisions (Crime and Punishment.2012). Yates was experiencing baby blues psychosis, even after that could have formed into jumpy schizophrenia which adds to the voices and fantasies. The individual, as Yates, is not in tuned with reality and they cant understand what is genuine or separated of their creative energy. For Andrea Yates the demon, the voices and her inclination towards life and her kids where all genuine for her she couldnt characterize that line. On account of the times of research, which missed the mark for Yates in her time since we were still not as cutting edge with maladjustment even that short a period prior, we can now characterize prior phases of psychopathy. The main issue is they imitate a considerable measure of different things so most guardians dont get on until its past the point of no return when taking a gander at it prior on in an individuals life, these are ceaseless lying, taking and needing to begin battles. Yates obviously did not demonstrate any manifestations in early life it was not until after her third youngster that post birth anxiety and baby blues psychosis assumed control. At the point when a lady is encountering post pregnancy anxiety a lady will ex perience the manifestations of being jumpy, whimsical, and silly. Some lady dont understand that they are experiencing this and in some cases to not connect for help since they dont comprehend what is going on. Without treatment or help these manifestations can advance bringing about a lady to fantasize, do self-damage, or mischief others incorporating their youngsters however in their mind they dont understand they are doing anything incorrectly to them it feels right and alright. These are the side effects and feeling that Yates experienced, yet help was there is quite recently fizzled her. Maladjustment of any sort is a genuine condition and ought to dependably be dealt with so. References Crime and Punishment. (2012). Retrieved from  http://www.about.com/people/andrea_yates AE. (2012). Retrieved from  http://www.biography.com/people/andrea-yates-235801

Deregulation In The Electric Industry :: essays research papers fc

Electricity is the principal force that powers modern society. It lights buildings and streets, runs computers and telephones, drives trains and subways, and operates all variety of motors and machines. Yet most people, despite their great dependence on electrical power, hardly give it a thought. They flip a switch, turn a key, or pick up a phone and expect the power to be there without fail. The almost-century old structure of the American electric utility industry is in need of change. Almost all interested parties accept the fact that technological change and altered views of the nature of government intervention have made the idea of increased competition attractive (Johnson 35). But just how should the competitive market be structured? Some participants want complete deregulation so they can derive the fullest benefits of competition quickly. Others argue that the unfettered free market, however, will cause hardship and inequities (36). Stability in electrical power has traditionally depended on a system highly regulated by federal and state government. In recent years, however, many leaders in government and industry alike have pushed for deregulating the system to make it more responsive to changes in business and technology and more open to the forces of free-market competition (Craven C5). Deregulation has been successful in reducing costs and promoting innovation in airlines, natural gas, telecommunications and other industries. The electric industry is next. Initial steps to deregulate electrical power are now being taken in the United States and Canada. Today the subject is being actively debated in board-rooms and state-houses across the Continent. Everyone is wondering what deregulation will do to the industry. People do not know how it will affect businesses and consumers, and they are debating whether to move fast or slow with deregulation. The "open access" rule of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission went into effect on July 9, 1996. Known as Order 888, it applies only to wholesale transactions. It requires public utilities that own, operate, or control transmission lines to charge other firms the same transmission rates they charge themselves, under comparable terms and conditions of service (Encarta "Deregulation"). This will open control of the market, and it will prevent utilities from denying transmission grid access through prohibitively high rates. Public utilities, municipal utilities, and rural cooperatives are the only customers that are able to purchase wholesale power for resale. Office buildings provide the power to their end users, but the tenants, building

The History Of Earnings Management Accounting Essay

In the last few decennaries the universe economic system has changed. Undoubtedly, major factors on its form had globalisation, concern unity and engineering. These procedures changed the operation of little, medium, and large concerns. In the beginning of twenty-first century there are many dramatic instances that are related to net incomes direction frauds. These events imbalance world-wide economic system ; they bring deficiency of trust to investors for market stock and this leads to misdirect information about net incomes. These false audits and created maltreatments brought an sentiment that shareholders will make perfectly everything to increase their net income. In fact, I have come to believe that net incomes quality is one of the most of import facets in fiscal universe in the present twenty-four hours. Management net incomes play a important function for income statements and balance sheets, as they straight affect stock markets, Bankss, investors, creditors and many fisca l establishments. The intent of this research paper is to reply the inquiry what net incomes direction is and how directors and hearers follow the regulations utilizing the guidelines of this tool. Why is it so of import? Net incomes are an sum of net income that company produce in a certain period of clip. â€Å" Net incomes quality refers to the ability of reported net incomes to reflect the company ‘s true net incomes, every bit good as the utility of reported net incomes to foretell future net incomes † . Fiscal statements are used in cognizing and foretelling the status of the company to be able to do a pick about stocks, notes, and others liquid assets. Fiscal statements besides refer to consistence, stableness and staying power in study net incomes. Accounting does non cognize one simple rating method for ciphering and demoing net incomes. That is why it is so hard to mensurate them and compare them through the markets. Net incomes appear in assorted figures: net income, grosss, ru ning net incomes and etc. Very frequently these factors do non intend anything to anybody and they do non lend for utile information about a company ‘s position. I would wish to reply what grounds and motivations drive directors to net incomes direction. I think that motivations and purposes are really of import and they can impact our ideas that lead to our actions and behaviour. I will so discourse the conceptual model for net incomes direction and its use techniques. In the past old ages audits have put more a stronger focal point on fraud sensing and fraud disincentive. This scrutinizing attempt has started giving better consequences. The legion of net incomes frauds start diminishing. However, there is still a large per centum of companies that use direction net incomes in the incorrect manner, that is why I would wish to demo what technique hearers can utilize in observing fraud in direction net incomes. On history of many frauds and bankruptcies of large houses in the United States and Europe, there has been a rise in involvement of quality of fiscal statements and fiscal studies through hearers. The term, net incomes direction is non new, it has been used in old old ages. Mrs. Katherine Schipper was one of the first who define net incomes direction. She defined it as: â€Å" aˆÂ ¦.purposeful intercession in the external fiscal coverage procedure, with the purpose of obtaining some private addition † ( Schipper ) . Another but more sophisticated account was provided by Healy and Wahlen: â€Å" Net incomes direction occurs when directors use judgements in fiscal coverage and in structuring minutess to change fiscal studies to either misdirect some stakeholders about the implicit in economic public presentation of the company or to act upon contractual results that depend on the reported accounting Numberss † ( Healy and Wahlen ) . In simple words, it is use of a ho use ‘s net incomes ( straight or indirectly ) to run into stockholders and investors outlooks in certain periods of clip. I found many different positions and positions about net incomes direction. I infer that definition of net incomes direction suffers from deficiency of consensus about the definition of net incomes direction. It kindly apprehensible that many bookmans interpret this term otherwise. For many people it is merely a originative managerial resource that shows a company from its best side. Nevertheless, in my sentiment Scott provides the best definition: â€Å" the pick by a director of accounting policies so as to accomplish specific aims. Net incomes direction can be basically classified as either accounting related, affecting the use of accounting records through aggressive or deceitful applications of accounting rules, or operating related, affecting picks made by direction sing the timing of investing or operating activities, with the consequence that repor ted net incomes are influenced by these picks † ( Scott ) . We can acknowledge assorted motivations for net incomes direction. Surely, it is non a safe operation and it binds to put on the line of harm a repute and condemnable duty. Companies will prosecute in this pattern merely if they must and it is their last option and pick. We can choose and place the five the most common motivations for this procedure: stock market benefits, concealing private information, political costs, internal motivations, and doing CEO look better. The stock market relies on information, which means that investors want to cognize the prognosis of the fiscal side of the company before they buy stock. Interaction between those two organic structures is really high because puting in stock is a really hazardous action. Investors frequently invest in successful and potentially profitable houses. Firms need to look good and strong in assorted fiscal analyzes. These elements can easy force houses towards net incomes direction. By run intoing outlook of investors, companies expect higher returns, which will ensue better hard currency flow and stableness for a company. On the other manus, by demoing negative income and pour income statement a house exposes itself to a dramatic lessening in the company ‘s value and capital. Which gives negative stock gross. The stronger inducement so the higher chance that directors will utilize net incomes direction to increase its income, which will hold consequence on better prognosis analysis f or company ( Payne and Robb ) . To sum up, company attack net incomes direction reasonably easily because they want to remain in â€Å" game † and they expect their challenger to make the same thing. Hiding private information is process whereby concealing some information directors achieve their ends. It is hard to explicate the patterns of house ‘s accounting to the public participants. If the investors can non acknowledge a method of accounting they more likely will non put their assets in the house. To better information of the company, directors may follow simpler and clearer methods which result altering in net incomes often ( S. Verbruggen, J. Christaens, and K. Milis ) . The following factor that can act upon fiscal statements is authorities. Tax Torahs and different sorts of authorities ordinances may impact greed for alterations in direction net incomes. Large companies do non desire to large affect by politicians and control by authoritiess. Equally long as politicians do non indicate at houses for deficiency of liquid or inefficient stock portions, companies do they work. Fiscal studies are really frequently tasty morsel for politicians. One of the most influential factors in my sentiment is doing the CEO expression good. It happens because of the greed in people, particularly for CEO or CFO and their compulsions with their repute. It normally exists when a company changes its Chief executive officer or when the CEO retires and he or she likes to go forth good feeling after its direction, which of class consequence in a large sum of fillips. Last illustration of a motivation for net incomes direction is internal motivations. Even if a company does non hold to demo its operations and net incomes to stakeholders or authorities, it can still utilize this powerful tool to make its annual ends and to achieve its public presentation program. I will concentrate now on patterns, process and fast one that directors use. How do houses pull off net incomes? The easiest and the fastest manner to conceal or demo a batch of net income in fiscal informations is by utilizing accumulations. Harmonizing to J. Jones and his work in â€Å" Earnings direction during of import alleviation probes † , most of the companies use unexpected accumulations or really similar to those that they use in their books to do up a difference between its existent assets to its end. He appointed each of their methods to assorted types of classs. Assorted types of these methods are net incomes direction through: specific accumulations, revelation and ‘real action ‘ , cost allotment and construction of dealing which refers to change fiscal informations. The first type of process that a house can utilize is net incomes direction through specific accumulations. It happens really frequently that direction can utilize specific accounting criterions in its fiscal statement because a house can happen itself in particular state of affairss or in particular industry. These specific state of affairss offers more room for different picks of direction because jurisprudence or regulations are non really specific. As a consequence it gives adequate grounds to hike up houses net incomes. This free pick of reading for comptrollers brings attending to hearers and their probes. Examples of these patterns are normally known in Bankss, insurance and belongings industry. In these industries houses can reasonably easy managed loan ‘s losingss, rating of belongings or pensions. The 2nd type of common patterns in net incomes direction is cost allotment. Firms can switch its income by apportioning costs to different activities. It can happen when cost, gross or an point is moved from other subordinates to another country with extra revenue enhancement or a different accounting method. Sometimes houses use charitable organisation to acquire extra options in traveling net incomes. In maintaining with Jones and Robert ‘s research ( 2006 ) † charities use the allotment of joint costs to smooth the plan ration, an frequently used index of charity efficiency † ( Jones and Robert ) . Largely, investors bring their attending to core fiscal informations, that is why it is utile for companies to switch some disbursals from chief fiscal informations to ‘special points ‘ . It happens because in nucleus fiscal information grosss and disbursals are non summed up with grosss and disbursals, for particular points, which can give infinite for net incomes direction. Large part of bookmans agree that income switching through different classs and reinvesting net incomes consequence in optimisation of revenue enhancements and study net incomes. Net incomes direction uses its â€Å" fast ones † through revelation. Directors normally use anterior net incomes sums to measure current net incomes in stock option. Under SFAS No 123 company should acknowledge pro forma stock option as an disbursal but houses manage this as a stock option in a footer. In fact, this pattern can cut down public unfavorable judgment because finally the CEO will counterbalance it and stock ‘s value can reminds the same, high. Back before 2002, multiple houses in United States normally used this process. ‘Real activities ‘ direction has a different intent of net incomes direction than old methods. Firm ‘s existent activities can by equilibrate up and down by altering a construction of dealing to be or non be able to use certain accounting criterions. Form of this pattern can be seen when an organisation cuts its budget, or selling monetary value, or follow just-in-time price reductions. Real use happens when company deviate from normal concern patterns and undertaken with primary aim of run intoing certain thresholds. ( Roychowdhury 2006 ) . Many grounds show that addition in gross revenues consequences in monetary value price reduction giving by companies, engage in overrun cut down cost of goods sold. Everything is a consequences of specific and rigorous end for a house. Besides, really clear illustrations provide just-in-time acceptance alterations in debt and revenue enhancement inducements when an organisation experiences different pattern for LIFO and FIFO tha t relates straight to income smoothing. A different manner of utilizing existent activities is clocking corporation ‘s accounting determinations. Firms give money for charity foundations, which result in grants. The clip spread between sedimentations and payout consequences in possibilities of net incomes direction. Petrovits put it good by stating â€Å" houses with high stock monetary value sensitiveness and little additions in net incomes make the most income-increasing foundation support picks. Firms with increasing net incomes despite of big income-decreasing foundation support picks in the current twelvemonth are more likely to increase net incomes in subsequent periods, consistent with the usage of cooky jar militias and net incomes smoothing † ( Petrovits ) . Relatively, directors can smooth net incomes income by hard currency flow. Playing with accumulations and altering them are most common pattern. Particularly, when discretional accumulations and derived functions accumulations are easy to pull off. If a company ‘s portfolio has a big fanciful sum and lower degrees of discretional accumulations, it will propose that both of those accumulations were modified to smooth net incomes. Is it ethical to utilize net incomes direction? I think that this pattern is likely one of the most of import ethical issues confronting the accounting profession today. Management normally has to make up one's mind either play a just game and seek to remain in frame of accounting regulations or maximising its net income utilizing every tool that directors can utilize. The job is ne'er black or white ; it is more like a gray side of net incomes direction, which can raise ethical issues. In a wide argument about ethical issues in moralss one side claim that: â€Å" net incomes direction undertaken entirely to heighten personal ends is by and large viewed as unethical † and the other side conclude that the moralss are both unethical and ethical, it depends of concern end. Others say that it is wholly unethical. Having said that the ethical effects of pull offing net incomes whether it has positive or negative influence of the moral facets and direction behaviour. Harmonizing to my research, purposes are the most influencing factor for determinations. Which can be subsequently justice as ethical or non. Research by Nelson et all ( 2003 ) concluded that it is common pattern to utilize net incomes direction today. The survey shows that day-to-day activity of companies consequences in cut downing accumulations from old periods, modifying depreciation, postponing measures, gross revenues dealing and altering categorization of income statement. The sample of 515 hearers and their list seems ne'er stoping. I can merely presume that â€Å" little † , â€Å" careless † errors are made every twenty-four hours. Those patterns can take to many effects in the hereafter. Directors can make multiple things to profit a company. These advantages can hold positive and negative results. Stock va lue, bonus pay for directors and etc. are merely on one side of the equation. The other side is more harmful because being detected for fraud will diminish in value of stock, loss of repute for company and direction, and trail for director. â€Å" If net incomes direction is considered unethical by fiscal statement users, so directors ‘ and companies ‘ reputes may endure and companies ‘ credibleness in the fiscal markets may be damaged † ( Kaplan,2001 ) . Kaplan ‘s probe showed that it is hard to make up one's mind if net incomes direction is unethical because we have to look at each instance from assorted position whether it was knowing or non. I inferred that company will ever seek to maximise its net income because it is the whole intent of a map of a company and we have to specify really particular and inside informations regulations to forestall those patterns. By doing clear criterions, comptrollers are able to cut down unethical behaviour to min imum. However, it will ever be something new and something that accounting has non defined yet. In concern everybody needs to happen a balance. I see a demand for schools to learn future hearers and directors about moralss and set up diligent penalties for corrupt comptrollers and supply good audited policies for organisation in concern universes. Many bookmans say that net incomes direction is an issue and a big part of their surveies focuses on the causes, effects and sensing of this topic. Relevant fact in research workers surveies is that defect in net incomes direction is non easy to observe. For sensing hearers use assorted techniques, which are non perfect and normally are miss specified. As I mentioned before accumulations are the most common methods that comptrollers use. It is because ; this method is ready to hand and more flexible than other ( like altering LIFO and FIFO ) . One of the most recognizable techniques is to â€Å" insulate the ‘discretionary ‘ part of the accrual constituent of net incomes † . This technique is really common but still it consists of a deficiency of power because of hapless ability to insulate specific accumulations, which has an unspecified correlativity between variables. Many alternate techniques have been found in recent old ages but they have little betterment ov er this chief method. One of them has a intent for placing discretional accumulations by Dechow and Dichev, 2002. Another method is fiting processs, which helps with misspecification but it is utile merely it matches relevant process with accurate variable. The whole intent of happening work method for sensing net incomes direction is use in accumulations, hearers will confront troubles in sensing of frauds in fiscal statements until they do non happen perfect theoretical account to utilize.Decision: start here delightMany accounting dirts shows importance of believable fiscal coverage. Net incomes direction is really accessible and common in concern in Twenty-one century. Many times when person negotiations about direction net incomes people think that it is something incorrect and negative but it can be really positive and legal. Management net incomes is a tool which aid comptrollers to demo company ‘s fiscal status in favourable manner. Law of accounting modulate many regu lations and state how to construe fiscal jurisprudence. Of class comptrollers have many option to pull strings and smooth their income. However, size of the house has positive impact on net incomes direction because large companies have strong internal control system and good define mechanisms. They besides corporate with CPA houses which they care about their reputes. These elements have decrease chance of earrings direction nevertheless the big companies can besides confront more force per unit area for positive studies. They have wider scope of histories, more bargaining power and stronger power to pull strings net incomes. Surely, motivations are the cardinal elements for net incomes direction. They explain most of directors behavior. Motivations see merely two picks. They are either favourable or no favourable for organisation. I would add something in this paragraph, assist me out my senior! Accounting alterations every twenty-four hours, directors face those alterations in processs every bit good. Government and fiscal organisation should look towards internal issues like audits instead than external factors. Accountants should set more force per unit area on audit because less audit attendings peers more deceitful net incomes direction in concern. Detection in net incomes direction is an of import issue as good and I hope I highlighted that job. It has many restriction and I think that research worker should work on more informations aggregation and less biased methods. In shutting, I recognize an ethical tradeoff throughout organisations. When one house does something rectify and the other sees chance to increases its net incomes even though it can be unethical. The job is that many companies do non look for the long position but short term net income which normally consequences in frauds and unethical behaviour. Net incomes direction is a really sophisticated and powerful tool used normally today.

Guns Germs and Steel Essay

Yali asked the question of â€Å"why is it that you white people developed so much cargo and brought it to New Guinea, but we black people had so little cargo of our own? † (Diamond 14) In other words, he is asking â€Å"what is the factor between our people and ours that causes human development to proceed at different rates? † (Diamond 16) What Yali is really asking though, is, what is this mysterious factor? According to Diamond, the basis for development is the environment around us including the resources and the native people of New Guinea don’t live in an area where a chance is provided for them to take advantage of. The natural resources are just enough for them to get by. This is why the people of New Guinea produce so little â€Å"cargo† of their own. Pizarro’s capture of Atahuallpa and destruction of the Incas made the Europeans realize what power they head, and what they could do to the rest of the world. They easily wiped out the Inca’s of 80,000 with 168 men. From the Battle of Cajamarca, Pizzaro came back to Charles I saying that Europe had the power to conquer the Americas. There were reasons Pizarro and the Europeans could conquer the Americas†¦ They had better warfare than the Incas. Pizarro’s men had armor rode horseback and used steel compared to their wooden weapons. Eurasia happened to have an abundance of edible material because of the right environment leading to the domestication of plants and animals led the people to settle down in one place instead of being nomads. When people started to settle down and bring the food to them, they started to have a surplus which led for the people to have extra jobs and it started to also support a higher population while allowing women to have more children contributing to job specialization. These specialists were not devoted to farmers or food producers but varied to priests, blacksmiths etc. Permanent agriculture societies were able to from with the food surpluses leading to empires. Some of the reason that people began to settle down and farm are because at the time many wild foods began to decrease due to hunters and gatherers killing off too many large animals leaving life unsustainable. More wild plants that could be domesticated became available at the time. Technological advances allowe3d people to harvest and store greater amounts of food that they cultivated. Human populations rose it’s not clear how much it caused food production and how much food production caused it but researchers believe there’s a connection. As populations rose, they needed to have better food supplies and started farming. The farm societies were able to drive out neighboring hunter-gatherers. A continent with long east-west axis like (Eurasia) has an advantage over continents with long north-south axes (like Africa and the Americas). The reasons it does have to do with crops and longitude. In general similar crops can grow at similar longitudes. In other words a cropped that developed in one place can be spread east to west (or west to east) but less likely to spread north and south. Epidemic diseases developed among the societies that had been farming the longest. These were Eurasian societies. Societies in the Americas, Australia, and other places had not been farming as long and lacked epidemic diseases. When Europeans came in contact with Native Americans, for example, European epidemic diseases killed huge percentages of the Native Americans. This helped the Europeans conquer and the conquest made them richer and more powerful. Therefore germs help to answer Yali’s question. The societies that did independently invent writing were those with complex hierarchies and sophisticated systems of food production. Writing was needed for politics and was generally learned by bureaucrats who had the comfort of available time and energy. As food was available to them, they had no need to hunt and gather for themselves. Since their basic needs were being met, they could focus on a higher level of existence and communication. There are two conditions in which technology may develop. The first is â€Å"mother necessity ideology† which is when a society needs something to make things easier they invent it. Technology differed from place to place because there were more people to invent and better diffusion to spread the invention. The opposite happened in the Americas because there were less people and a slower diffusion rate. Also different cultures had different ideas for change. The only way that society can emerge is through food. Such developments include jobs, such as the chief and the beginnings of government. The institutions of society changed over time based on how organized they were. They evolved based around various factors like war and other societies. They are related by diffusion. Whenever a state is conquered by another state they enforce use of their technology or exploit it. States are going to develop weapons, troops, and religion in order to make the state survive. They develop in response to need of their population size. They use these agents of conquest to become larger and to conquer other societies; and for that they need guns, germs, and steel. What Diamond is saying is that he thinks that people really should not think that history is so much different from the sciences. He is saying that the study of history can be pretty â€Å"scientific† if it is done correctly (and that some sciences are not as precise as things like chemistry). Diamond is trying to argue that historians should use what he calls â€Å"natural experiments. † He thinks that there are many â€Å"experiments† where there are two or more places that are pretty similar in many ways but which then turned out differently (like his experiment in Chapter 2). He argues that historians can use these — they can look at what was different and what was similar and how the differences led to the differences in the outcomes. Guns, Germs, and Steel Book Review I think Diamond’s central intent of writing the book is to explain how varying societies become dominate, and how certain others can become dominated. By looking at environmental conditions that caused the disparities that lead to certain societies developing guns, germs, and steel, including other technology, and forming a government necessary for conquest. He introduced the book with Yali’s question â€Å"Why is it that you white people developed so much cargo and brought it to New Guinea, but we black people has so little cargo of our own? † This question used a scientific/geographic background, and set his intent is to answer the question or inform how to answer the question. He also tries to analyze the causes of the expansion of civilizations’ in some parts of the world, since all people are physically the same what could cause some to be successful and others to die? He used archaeological and historical case studies and evidence from genetics and linguistics, he argued that technological and gaps in power are not caused by race or culture differences but by environmental differences, He used the idea of the axis as one saying that Eurasia had an east to west (or west to east) therefore having an advantage over Africa or the Americas for instance, because crops could grow at the same longitude but it was more difficult as they went north and south. Also when cultural or genetic differences have favored Eurasians like for example written language or resistance to epidemic diseases he says these advantages occurred because of the influence and geography on societies and cultures and were not inherited as genes from Eurasian ancestors. Diamond’s book argues that the differences in progress for different societies around the world do not result from one group being smarter or more resourceful than another. Rather, he focuses on the impact of geography — whether food and other key items were plentiful, whether and how disease spread, and how these developments led to different levels of industrialization, and wealth The book â€Å"Guns, Germs, and Steel† was very well written in the sense that Diamond had a question in which was the foundation of the book, he throughout the book acquired evidence and explanations and ideas of how to answer the question. The book had evidence to back it up by explaining how Eurasia had a better opportunity being west to east meaning they had better crop farming. Which led to a growing civilization and soon conquest. The book wasn’t exactly dull or boring but it wasn’t exciting or entertaining either. It was like any other history book it asked a question, then went on to the point. There was an explanation of the main topic which was Yali’s question and evidence that dealt with answering the question. From beginning to end, Diamond stresses that he realizes that efforts to compare societies have frequently been used by racists or nationalists to belittle groups or justify mistreatment of them. He argues that his analysis is in fact anti-racism at work because it shows that the white people who enjoy the comforts of modern life are ultimately luckier than, not more deserving than, people in impoverished nations.

Changing Your Canadian Postal Address Online

Changing Your Canadian Postal Address Online When you move, you can change your mailing address online and redirect your mail using the mail forwarding tool from Canada Post. The process is simple, and the fee is the same as you pay when you go to a postal outlet to fill in a form. The cost of mail forwarding varies depending on where you move, and different costs apply to individuals and businesses. You can make a permanent address change, which will forward your mail for up to 12 months, or a temporary address change if youre going on an extended vacation or wintering down south. The tool also allows you to select whether to have businesses informed of the address change. When to File Your Mail Forwarding Request For residential moves, you must submit your request at least five days before you move. For business moves, you must submit your request at least 10 days before you move. Canada Post recommends filing your request up to 30 days before either type of move. Restrictions on Using the Change of Address Online Service The online service for change of address is not available in some instances. For example, mail addressed to customers who receive mail through a shared postal address cannot be forwarded. This includes  individuals receiving mail through an institution such as a business, hotel, motel, rooming house, nursing home, hospital or school;  businesses with a common postal address; and  mail received through privately administered mailboxes. In cases of dissolved partnerships, divorce, and similar situations, if there is a dispute over who should receive the mail, Canada Post requires a joint written agreement signed by both parties. If restrictions apply to your situation, you can still go to your local postal outlet and fill in a form to redirect your mail the usual way. You can also find more information in the Canada Post mail forwarding service manual. How to Edit or Extend an Address Change Canada Post lets you easily make changes or updates to your request online. Getting Additional Help If you need help or have questions about the change of address online service, fill in the Canada Post customer service inquiry form.  General inquiries about the Mail Forwarding service should be directed to customer service at  canadapost.ca/support  or by phone at 800-267-1177.